BIOTECHNOLOGY

Bio-Technology is study combining Biology and Technology. It draws on the pure biological sciences like genetics, microbiology, animal cell culture, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, cell biology, and is also dependent on knowledge or methods from outside the sphere of biology like chemical engineering, bioprocess engineering, information technology, biorobotics,etc. It is also concerned with many other subjects like Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Immunology, Virology, Cropping system and Crop Management, Ecology, Cell Biology, Soil science and Soil Conservation, Bio-statistics, Plant Physiology, Seed Technology. The use of microorganisms, such as bacteria or yeasts, or biological substances, such as enzymes, to perform specific industrial or manufacturing processes is Biotechnology.

In simple terms the use of biology to solve problems and make useful products is biotechnology. It merges biological information with computer technology to advance research in other areas, including nanotechnology and regenerative medicine. It has developed various medicines, vaccines and diagnostics, increasing productivity, improving energy production and conservation. Biotechnology's intervention in the area of animal husbandry has improved animal breeding. It has helped to improve the quality of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers. Environmental Biotechnology helps for pollution control and waste management.




Bioinformatics Bioinformatics addresses biological problems using computational techniques, and makes the rapid organization and analysis of biological data possible.

Blue Biotechnology
Blue Biotechnology is a term that has been used to describe the marine and aquatic applications of Biotechnology, but its use is relatively rare and new in India.

Green Biotechnology
Green Biotechnology is applied to agricultural processes. An example would be the selection and domestication of plants via micro propagation.

Red Biotechnology
Red Biotechnology is applied to medical processes. Some examples are the designing of organisms to produce antibiotics, and the engineering of genetic cures through genetic manipulation.

White Biotechnology
White Biotechnology involves industrial processes. An example is the designing of an organism to produce a useful chemical.



The nature of work for individuals requires integrateting among people of different fields such as biology, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology, molecular biology, immunology, genetics, engineering, food science, agriculture etc. Some of the fields where Biotechnology studies are applicable are as follows:

• Biotechnologists in the field of medicine and vaccinations can lead to improvement in the methods of diagnosis. Medicines and vaccinations for diseases which once thought were incurable can be made which will be a blessing for human kind.


• Government and the private sector employ biotechnologists in conducting research and development work, for increasing productivity, improving energy production and conservation, minimizing pollution and industrial waste, etc.


• Biotechnologists also find opportunities at places involving activities like chemical processes, genetic, textile and cosmetic technology.


• Environmental Biotechnology field of work is gaining priority these days as an area of extensive work due to the dangers brought about by the increasing levels of environmental pollution. In this field, the job of a biotechnologist spans from checking industrial air pollution levels, treatment of industrial waste to recycling of sewage sludge.

Biotechnologists are employed in leading Indian business houses and MNCs including pharmaceutical companies, chemical industries, bio-processing industries, agriculture related industries and pollution control activities of the major industries, etc. On the whole making it a good career opportunity for the bright young people of India.

• They can be employed in the areas of planning, production and management of bio-processing industries.


• There is a large scale employment in research laboratories run by the government as well as the corporate sector.


• Biotechnology students in India may find work in government-based entities such as universities, research institutes or at private centers as research scientists/assistants.


• When most people think of opportunities for careers in Biotechnology, they think of a scientist in a white coat in a laboratory developing drugs to improve the quality of life. However, Biotechnology has a wide variety of career opportunities ranging from sales and marketing, to research and development, to manufacturing and quality control and assurance.


• You can be a Research Scientist, Teacher, Marketing manager, Science Writer, Bioinformists, Quality Control Officer or Production in-charge in the Food, Chemical and Pharmaceutical industry

In today's world of information and technology, Biotechnology has emerged as the most developing sector of the industrial growth and with regards to the employment it has become the second fastest growing sector after multi-media. The Biotechnology industry continues to flourish nationwide. Not only are the total number of Biotechnology companies increasing, but employment in the Biotechnology field continues to grow as well.

• Hindustan Lever Ltd


• Thapar Group


• Indo-American Hybrid seeds


• Bincon India Ltd


• Bivcol, IDPL


• India Vaccines Corporation


• Hindustan Antibiotics


• National Botanical Institute


• National Chemical Laboratories


• Tata Engineering Research Institute


• CCMB which is established in Hyderabad for the advancement of Biotechnology

Remuneration very much depends upon academic qualification, institute or university from which the degree is attained and the level of work experience. In the corporate sector, fresh IIT pass outs may get anything in the range of Rs. 70,000 p.a. to Rs. 85,000 p.a. and fresh B.Sc./B. Tech. graduates from other universities may get anything in the range of Rs. 50,000 p.a. to Rs. 70,000 p.a. Those workimg in the research institutes can expect something around Rs. 60,000 p.a.



AGE (Lower and Upper Limit)
The lower would be according to the institutes offering courses but generally the lower limit of age starts from 17 year and the upper limit is upto 25 years of age.

Qualifications
To pursue Biotechnology as a career, a background in science, that is Physics or agriculture, chemistry and biology at the intermediate level is required to proceed for B.Tech.

• The other option is B.Sc Biotechnology which one can join after class 12 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics.


• Graduates in all sciences/engineering technology/medicine are eligible for the postgraduate (M.Sc.) course in Biotechnology.

P.G Courses in Biotechnology available are:

• M.Sc. Biotechnology,


• M.Sc. (Agriculture) Biotechnology,


• M.V.Sc. (Animal) Biotechnology,


• M.Tech. Biotechnology,


• M.Sc./M.V.Sc. in Veterinary Biotechnology,


• M.Sc.(Marine) Biotechnology,


• Medical Biotechnology,


• M.Tech.in Biomedical Engineering/Biotechnology
  
• Depending upon the aptitude and necessity, more advanced courses such PH.D and Post-Doctoral Research in Biotechnology can also be pursued.

Biotechnologist should have a scientific aptitude and a keen interest in the biological sciences. He should be methodical and patient by nature, able to work neatly, accurately and have a flair for laboratory work. They should have the ability to work independently, should have good knowledge of using computers to organize the work. A sense of problem solving, analyzing, interpreting skills are required. As the work is largely related to scientific research, the candidate is expected to have quite a good academic background in science. Hard work and high level of intelligence with a scientific bent of mind, determination, perseverance, imagination, and innovative attitude, ability to work for long hours, originality and team spirit are some important essentials for becoming a successful biotechnologist.



15%, 7½% and 3% of seats are reserved for SC, ST and Physically Challenged (Handicapped) (PH) candidates respectively. All the SC/ST and PH candidates who have passed the qualifying examination are eligible to apply irrespective of their percentage of marks in the qualifying degree examination. OBC reservation, wherever applicable, will be implemented as per the policy of each participating University.

• Integrated Mitch. Programme offered at IIT Delhi and Kharagpur is through a Joint Entrance Examination (JEE), which is held for students who have successfully completed the 10+2 or equivalent examination, with physics, chemistry and mathematics. For admission to IIT, a pass in the IIT-JEE is required.


• The Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, AIIMS, Jadavpur University, Kolkata and Anna University also offers integrated M.Tech courses. Selection to the graduate courses ( BE / B.Tech) is based on merit i.e the marks secured in the final exams of 10+2 and through entrance exams. Entrance to the IIT's is through JEE (Joint Entrance Exam) and for other institutions through their own separate entrance exams and other state level and national level exams. Apart from the IIT's, some other famous institutes also recognize JEE scores for selection. Selection to the postgraduate courses ( M.Sc / M.Tech) in different universities is through an All India Combined Entrance exam conducted by JNU, New Delhi and to IIT's through GATE in Two year/ 4 semester M.Tech courses and through JEE in five year integrated M.Tech courses in Biochemical engineering and Biotechnology


• Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India has a 5-year M.Sc. (integrated) Program at UM-DAECBS , Mumbai , Niser, Bhubaneswarand Visva-Bharati Santiniketan.

Biotechnology Adhiparasakthi Engineering College, Kancheepuram( Tamil Nadu ) Cheyyur T.K, Kancheepuram (Kancheepuram Dist.) Allahabad Agricultural Institute Deemed University, Allahabad( Uttar Pradesh ) Naini , Allahabad ( Allahabad Dist. ) - 211007 Andhra University (A.U.) College of Engineering, Vishakapatnam( Andhra Pradesh ) Waltair , Vishakapatnam ( Vishakapatnam Dist. ) - 530003 Bapatla Engineering College, Bapatla( Andhra Pradesh ) Bapatla ( Guntur Dist. ) - 522101 Beant College of Engineering and Technology, Gurdaspur( Punjab ) Village Barlar, Pachinko Road , Grasper ( Grasper Dist. ) - 143521 Bengal College of Engineering and Technology, Draper( West Bengal ) Hearth Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai( Tamil Nadir ) # 173, Agar am Road, Slayer, Chennai (Chennai Dist. ) - 600073 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Calendar( Punjab ) G.T. Road, Bye Pass, Post Office NIT Campus, Calendar ( Calendar Dist. ) - 144011 Gandhi Institute of Engineering and Technology (G.I.E.T), Juniper( Orison ) Juniper (Ravaged Dist.) Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (G.I.T.A.M) :Institute of Technology, Vishakapatnam( Andhra Pradesh ) Gandhi Nagar Campus , Rushikonda , Vishakapatnam( Vishakapatnam Dist. ) - 530045 Hindustan College of Science and Technology, Mathura ( Uttar Pradesh ) Agra-Delhi Highway (NH-2), Farah , Mathura ( Mathura Dist. ) - 281122 Holy Matha College of Modern Technology, Ernakulam( Kerala ) Manakkapadi, North Paravur , Ernakulam ( Ernakulam Dist. ) - 683511 Indian Institute of Technology (I.I.T.), Chennai( Tamil Nadu ) I.I.T Post Office , Chennai ( Chennai Dist. ) - 600036 Indian Institute of Technology : Department of Biotechnology, Roorkee( Uttarakhand ) Indian Institute of Technology , Roorkee ( Haridwar Dist. ) - 247667 Integral University, Lucknow ( Uttar Pradesh ) Dasauli, P.O. Bas-ha Kursi Road , Lucknow ( Lucknow Dist. ) - 226026

• Department of Biotechnology,Ministry of Science and Technology, Block 2, 7th Floor CGO Complex, Lodhi Road, New Delhi - 110 003. website:https://dbtindia.nic.in


• National Centre For Cell Sciences NCCS Complex, University of Pune Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, Maharashtra Phone: +91-20-25690922, 25690941, 25690951, 25692256, 25692257 Fax:+91-20-25692259, website: https://www.nccs.res.in
• Centre For DNA Fingerprinting And Diagnostics (CDFD),Nacharam,Hyderabad-500 076, Tel : +91-40-27151344 Fax : +91-40-27155610 website- https://www.cdfd.org.in


• The Institute of Life Sciences Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur Bhubaneswar-751 023 Phone: 91-0674-2301900, 2300137, 2301460, 2301476, 2300129 Fax: (0674) 2300728 website- https://www.ilsc.org

• National Institute of Immunology Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi - 110067, Telephone Numbers (EPABX): 26717121 to 26717145, Fax : 91-11-26162125 & 91-11-26177626 website- https://www.nii.res.in


• National Brain Research Centre Manesar, Gurgaon Dist. Haryana-122 050, India, website https://www.nbrc.ac.in


• National Centre For Plant Genome Research (NCPGR), JNU, New Delhi.


• Bharat Immunologicals & Biologicals Corporation Limited, Village Chola , Bulandshahar Distt.,U.P.


• The Indian Vaccines Corporation Limited , Gurgaon, Haryana-122 050